Introduction of Sport: 2009

Wednesday, February 25, 2009

Sport Information

Football (in the transfer from the English - “foot ball”) the most popular command game in the world, where it is necessary to fight for a small quantity of glasses. The history “foot ball” counts numerous centuries. In different games with the ball, similar to the football, they played in the countries of the ancient east (Egypt, China), in the Ancient World (Greece, Rome), in France “the la of , in Italy and in England. The direct predecessor of European football was most likely Roman . In this game, which was one of the forms of the military training of legionaries, one ought to have conducted the ball between two counters. Approximately in Y century this game disappeared together with the Roman empire, but memory about it remained in the population of Europe, and especially in Italy.

Even great Leonardo da Vinci, whom the contemporaries characterized as the person locked, restrained in the manifestation of emotions, did not remain to it indifferent. In it “the biography of the most famous painters, [vayateley] and architects” we read: “… when its it is desired to differ, it revealed itself not exclusively in the painting or the sculpture, but it competed in the favorite by Florentine youths game into the foot ball…”. When in XYII century the supporters of the executed King of England Carl of the I ran to Italy, they were introduced there to this game, and after [vosshestviya] to the throne in 1660. Carl THE II left it into England, where it became the game of court.

Olympic Games

On an example of Petersburg and Moscow the soccer clubs of many cities of the country are united into football leagues (Odessa, Kharkov, Kiev, Donbass and others). In the overall mass this was also entirely “green” football. Game bore the clearly expressed athletic nature. Forwards valued on the energetic nature, and defenders on [gabaritnosti] of figure. Competitions appeared instantly, unexpectedly. They played in the boots, the boots, barefoot, who in that [gorazd]. Frequently matches ended with brawl.

The majority of the outstanding masters of football began its football life precisely in “wild” commands. Such popular players of the first generation asIn 1904. on the initiative Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands and Switzerland was created the international federation of football associations . Together with since 1954. there is a European Union of football associations of the UEFA. has its regulations, it is acknowledged by the International Olympic Committee (MOK) and is the member of the general association of international sport federations .

The general association

In Russia the football was left by Englishmen at the end XIX v. in 1897. The Petersburg “circle of the amateurs of sport” creates the first Russian football team. On September 15, 1901. it follows to consider the starting point of the organized football in Russia. A quantity of football teams in Russia is tall. In 1901. a quantity of commands in Petersburg grew and made it possible to form Petersburg football league. Moscow football league began its activity in 1911.

On an example of Petersburg and Moscow the soccer clubs of many cities of the country are united into football leagues (Odessa, Kharkov, Kiev, Donbass and others). In the overall mass this was also entirely “green” football. Game bore the clearly expressed athletic nature. Forwards valued on the energetic nature, and defenders on [gabaritnosti] of figure. Competitions appeared instantly, unexpectedly. They played in the boots, the boots, barefoot, who in that [gorazd]. Frequently matches ended with brawl.

The majority of the outstanding masters of football began its football life precisely in “wild” commands. Such popular players of the first generation asIn 1904. on the initiative Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands and Switzerland was created the international federation of football associations . Together with since 1954. there is a European Union of football associations of the UEFA. has its regulations, it is acknowledged by the International Olympic Committee (MOK) and is the member of the general association of international sport federations .

Russian football

The first game team commands of Petersburg and Moscow took place in 1907. and it ended by the victory of Petersburg 2: 0. I nevertheless in one matter Moscow outdistanced Petersburg. Priority in the creation of female football teams belongs to it. In the journal “Russian sport” for 1911[g]. it is possible to be introduced to the history of the origin of the first female associations in Moscow and its environments. On August 16 into the pouring rain on the area of circle “sport” in Petrovskiy -took place game. The mistresses of field yielded (1: 5) to guests from the club “of Pushkin”.

In 1911. All-Russian football union was organized. Difficult it was to the first Russian players to obtain glory to domestic football. In 1913. the second superiority of Russia was played. Result was sensational. The command of Petersburg lost to Odessa residents in the final match with the score 2: 4. Odessa rejoiced. In 1914. the begun encounters on the superiority of Russia brought to completion were not. World War interrupted them. Russian football players left for the first time in 1910 to the international arena ; when Russia visited the command of the Prague club “Of ”. Russian football players could not show the foreigners of proper resistance and larger partly they lost. Its history only began.

Football

Football in the pre-revolutionary Russia did not receive mass propagation. Tsarist government impeded the development of the sport training of people. Is nonaccidental the appearance of football team on the Olympic Games in 1912. it was finished by failure, but glad gravity of gold medals was tested twice in 1956. (Melbourne) and in 1988. (Seoul). In 1972, 1976 and 1980[g].[g]. he was the third prize-winner.

They were located in the chapter of Olympic composite different years: - trainers, whom the rumor enrolled into “classics”. Their composition visited almost all the noticeable masters of our country headed by the cavaliers of European “gold ball” by Leo and by Oleg. Football became the really mass form of sport in the years of the Soviet regime. Disregarding not to what difficulties, football violently flourished. Through entire Moscow, from The gate to the Rogojsko-Simonovsk settlement, on foot, in certain cases running, with the trunks in the hands rushed to the calendar matches famous and no one unknown football players. Since 1924. begin to be developed the championships of the country, at first for the composite commands of the cities (greatest successes it achieved team of Moscow).

Since 1936. the superiority of the USSR and the goblet of the country are developed. The greatest achievements in them attained the command “of the dynamo” of Moscow, Kiev and Tbilisi, the capital clubs “Spartacus”, the TsSKA (Central Sports Club of the Army) and “torpedo”. To the wide international arena Soviet football left in the postwar period. Its first official match the team of the USSR conducted against team Bulgaria (2: 1). Since 1958. Soviet football players participate in the world championships. High reaching - 4th place and the bronze medals of 1966

The important

The important political event of 1992could not but be reflected in the football life of the country. For the management of Russian football on February 8, 1992. was created Russian football union . One of its first solutions was the assertion of the structure of the championship of Russia 1992[g]. It was decided to carry it out through three - highest, the first and to the second. To the participation in the championship 180 commands were allowed.

From them 20 entered into the Major League, 52- into the first, the rest the secondly. Characteristic for the first championship moment - beginning of the functioning professional football leagues, which began to answer for conducting of the championships of the country and acquisition by our football players of status of . Besides the traditional competitions (championship and the goblet of the country) in Russia began to be carried out new tournament - goblet of the champions of collaboration . In 1994-95g.

The team of Russia occupied the first place, after outdistancing the commands of Scotland and Greece, in the elimination tournament of the championship of Europe. 1997. - the centenary anniversary of football. Large and glorious way is behind. Each generation educated its outstanding masters of leather ball, this small magician, who possesses miraculous force. It rejuvenates people, prevents premature old age, makes it necessary to be disturbed, are disturbed all - there are no indifferent on the platforms.

Russian hockey

Under his guardianship began to sparkle the craftsmanship of Vyacheslav Fetisov, Aleksey , Of , Sergey Makarov, Igor Vladimir Victorand many other masters. With it the pass into the large hockey was obtained those, who are now registered among the best-known players national hockey leagues - Valerie Kamienski, Sergey Fedorov, Alexander, by Pavel .Female hockey in the 90-[ye] years the absence of stability impelled many chief players to search for happinesses in the rich foreign clubs. Domestic hockey was deprived of its stars, and can serve as only comfort the circumstance that the majority of them were not mislaid in the strange hockey, but vice versa - they are leaders, including in the clubs and thus support the high stamp of Russian hockey school. In recent years hockey was supplemented by the competitions of female commands. This form is included in the program of the winter Olympic Games 1998 g. in the Japanese Nagant revolver. The first Olympic champions became the team of the USA.

Russian hockey began new turn - turn to the side of distant village. The new, strong in the economic and organization plan hockey centers appeared on the map of Russia: Togliatti, Magnitogorsk, Cherepovets, Omsk, Tyumen', Yaroslavl', Novosibirsk…

The country

The next generation of the Soviet masters of hockey caught and successfully carried this victorious relay race. In the 60- years in the composition of the team of the USSR shone such outstanding masters as Victor Constantine , Veniamin Aleksandrov, Alexander , Boris , Vyacheslav, Victor Stanislav Petukhov, Anatoliy Firsov, edward Ivanov, Alexander [Ragulin], Victor Vitalius Davydov. Our command became then the acknowledged leader of world amateurish hockey. 1972 - special in the history of domestic hockey. Occur the change of players, the change of trainers. Relay race from the starry pair Chernishev- Tarasov accepted Bobrov. And under his management our ice guard for the first time scraped clubs in the confrontation rivalry from team Canada, comprised of the strongest players these matches it was opened hockey the gift of the new generation of the players: Vladislav , Valerie Vasil'yev, Gennadiy Vladimir Vladimir Petrov, Boris Mikhaylov, Valerie , Alexander , Vladimir , Alexander. For them repeated a victorious series of their predecessors could not be, but composite of the country conquered on the world championships 1973, 1974, 1975, also, in the Olympic tournament 1976 g. in Innsbruck.

In 1977. composite of the country and the club of the TsSKA (Central Sports Club of the Army) headed Victor Tikhonov. Under his guardianship began to sparkle the craftsmanship of Vyacheslav Fetisov, Aleksey , Of , Sergey Makarov, Igor , Vladimir Victor and many other masters. With it the pass into the large hockey was obtained those, who are now registered among the best-known players national hockey leagues - Valerie Kamienski, Sergey Fedorov, Alexander , by Pavel .

Olympic golds

In the daytime the generation of hockey in Russia it is counted on December 22, 1946, when in Moscow, Leningrad, Riga, kaunas and Arkhangelsk the first matches of the first championship of the USSR for hockey with the washer were played. Today it is not possible to recall without the smile, for example, immense breeches of players, the awkward attempts of the hockey players to with a throw raise washer into air, sufferings of goalkeepers, burdened by heavy, stubborn club, the bench of disciplinary-unit soldiers, called “by punishment room”, and “by cell”, and “frontal place”.

Strikes courage of hockey players, who appeared without any protective equipment. Stably held the pioneers of hockey and impacts from the party ideologists, who called new game and primitive, and harmful for the health, and even alien on the spirit to Soviet people. In spite of that, from one match to the next the number of spectators on the platforms is constantly tall. Was adjusted hockey economy. From the quilted jackets in the economy became skilled to sew protective equipment, hockey cowards. Goalkeepers present boxer, and field players - bicycle helmets. Canadian hockey on the Russian earth took from the football taste for game in the pass, predilection to the multipass combinations, and from the hockey with the ball - cosmic velocities, virtuoso possession of horses.

In spring 1953 g. by the congress Soviet hockey federation was accepted in the members of this international organization. But in year in 1954. in Stockholm domestic hockey subjugated world hockey apex. The authentic heroes of that tournament became goalkeepers Nikolai and Grigoriy , defenders Alfred, Dmitriy, Alexander Vinogradov, Pavel , Heinrich, that attack Of Bobrov, Victor Aleksey Yuri Krylov, Mikhail Alexander , Valentina Eugene Babich, Nikolai, Alexander Komarov. Practically the same composition conquered through 2 years and Olympic golds.

The generation of hockey

In our country this game was inoculated not simply and not immediately. Even at the beginning of present century a number of the sport clubs made the attempt to be introduced to new game and even was formed the All-Russian hockey union, which in 1911. it was accepted in the members of international the leagues of hockey by ice; however, soon it retired from its composition, and then was decomposed itself. The first meeting with this game occurred at the end 1932, when to Moscow arrived the command of the German working union “of Fichte”. Guests brought with themselves unknown to our athletes of club and washer, unusual ammunition, after proposing to masters to conduct several comradely games. The hockey players of the central house of the Red Army first responded. The masters of Russian hockey, having been only introduced to the washer, proved to be more strongly. Canadian game then, however, did not get accustomed, although remaining himself after visit “Fichte” inventory was used still for a while as the teaching aid in the central institute of gymnastics. And precisely the students of the Moscow institute of gymnastics in February 1946 conducted on the stadium “of dynamo” exponential games on the hockey with the washer, 9 months prior to All-Union hockey premiers.

In the daytime the generation of hockey in Russia it is counted on December 22, 1946, when in Moscow, Leningrad, Riga, kaunas and Arkhangelsk the first matches of the first championship of the USSR for hockey with the washer were played. Today it is not possible to recall without the smile, for example, immense breeches of players, the awkward attempts of the hockey players to with a throw raise washer into air, sufferings of goalkeepers, burdened by heavy, stubborn club, the bench of disciplinary-unit soldiers, called “by punishment room”, and “by cell”, and “frontal place”. Strikes courage of hockey players, who appeared without any protective equipment. Stably held the pioneers of hockey and impacts from the party ideologists,

The first in the world

in Montreal the first in the world covered stadium for the game into the hockey with artificial ice, calculated for 10.000 spectators, was built. Canadian amateurish hockey league is organized. Later, in 1914 ; the professional clubs of hockey on ice were combined into the national hockey league . But in 1908. Great Britain, Bohemia, Switzerland, France and Belgium established the international hockey federation it is marked by creation by world hockey association.

Rules of the game constantly are improved. In 1900. Canadian Francis Nelson invented grid for winch, made from the fishing net. This was the important innovation, which forever shut the eternal question: and there was goal? Are established the contemporary sizes of hockey areas (61[kh]30 m). The time of game they divided into 3 periods of 20 min. each, they reduced the composition of field players to 6, began to practice the replacements. Benedict from “Montreal for the first time put on mask, to goalkeepers it was permitted descend with the attempt to repulse washer.1920 were marked by the first meeting in the official tournament of the Olympic Games of the commands of old and new light. Canadians again confirmed their glory of the strong. Conquered Canadians, also, on the world championships 1924 and 1928 in 1936. Great Britain wins the title of Olympic champion, after selecting him in the Canadians, who managed it 16 years.

In 1954. Soviet hockey players made a debut on the world championships and leading position in the world hockey immediately occupied. Already the first meeting with the Canadians ended by the victory of Soviet athletes - 7: 2. this victory brought to the team of the USSR the first title of the champion of peace. Olympic champions become composite:

Historical information

Hockey with the washer was designed as sport game in Canada, but its “ancestors” were games with the ball and the clubs on ice, popular in Holland in XYI-XYII centuries. The hockey on ice, similar to the contemporary hockey with the ball, was one of the dear games of Dutchmen. Numerous engravings and pictures of the Dutch artists of that time testify about this.

Gradually interest in the hockey on ice in Europe was reduced, and only in of 2nd third XIX v. hockey again conquered citizenship. And although contemporary hockey with the washer “was born” in Canada, “were guilty” of this they proved to be Englishmen. From Holland ice hockey arrived in England, and from there into Canada. Already in the 70's XIX v. hockey with the washer was included in the program of all winter sport holidays in Canada. The first hockey rules were formulated by university students in Montreal. Role winch they began to carry out two stones on ice, with the aid of which were determined the dimensions of space, into which it is possible to drive in washer.

It is established that the first official match on the hockey took place in Montreal on the roller “Victoria” on March 3, 1875: commands consisted of 9 people, game was conducted by wooden disk, were used gates. In 1879. Canadian. Robertson formulated the rules of hockey, having for the first time proposed to use the india-rubber packing for the game. The first official rules of the game into the hockey with the washer were published in 1886. The author of the new code of rules became Canadian [R]. Smith. In the same 1886 g. the first international encounter between the Canadian and English commands (they conquered Canadians) was carried out. Championships began to carry out yearly, and to conquerors to entrust the Stanley Cup. (In 1893. the governor general of Canada, Briton lord Stanley, founded silver goblet for the yearly rewarding of the best command of the country.)

Introduction of Sport